The Austrian world, to which Haydn was born, in 1732, was alpha a new life, chargeless from adopted Turkish oppressors, abounding of religious zeal, and accretion boundaries, active beneath the accomplished aphorism of the Habsburgs. Charles VI, ascendant emperor, was a accomplished violinist, harpsichordist, and operatic composer. The chic arrangement abnormally agitating at this time, gave little befalling for poor peasants to acceleration in ability and riches. However, Franz Joseph Haydn, built-in to a peasant family, accomplished acceptance and abundance uncommon, not alone to those of his amusing rank, but additionally of composers and musicians of the time. Haydn's father, Mathias, was a wheelwright and his mother, Anna Maria Koller, had been a baker in the Harrach Castle. Haydn was the additional of twelve accouchement built-in to the wheelwright and his wife. Two of Haydn's brothers, Johann Michael and Johann Evangelist additionally became musicians.
As a adolescent boy, Haydn was accomplished to adulation music; his ancestor played the harp and had been accustomed the allowance of a admirable tenor voice, and his mother additionally enjoyed singing. Haydn went to the academy abbey at Haimburg and there advised for two years account and writing, catechism, singing, wind and cord instruments. At the age of eight he was enlisted to become a adherent in the Choir academy at St. Stephen's Cathedral, area he connected his agreeable studies, admitting no apprenticeship in agreeable approach was given. At sixteen his articulation began to break, and one of Haydn's applied jokes, acid off the pigtails of a adolescent classmate, served as an alibi for the administrator to abolish him from the choir. Thus after food, money, clothing, or home, Haydn was affected into the apple to assignment as a freelance musician.
Peasant Dress
As a freelance musician, Haydn played for dances, abiding compositions for a array of instruments, accomplished music for a bare amount, served as an accompanist, composed, and took allotment in serenades. "Like Italy, old Austria had a abundant affection for amphitheater music at night, and abounding musicians were bare to ample the connected demand. Haydn fabricated the best use of this fashion. He acceptable a little money this way and drew from the affluent able-bodied of Viennese bend music."
Through the money he acceptable as a freelance aerialist and through the address of Anton Buchholz, who lent him actually one hundred-fifty florins, Haydn was Able to booty a allowance and set about bushing in the gaps in his abstract knowledge. He advised Johann Josheph Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum, Johann Mattheson's Der vollkommene Kapellmeister, David Kellner's Unterricht im Generalbass, and works by Carl Phillip Emanuel Bach.
In 1758, Haydn became Kammercompositeur to the Bohemian Count, Karl Joseph Franz von Morzin. This was a amusing and banking footfall forward, he was now consistently paid, a sum of two hundred florins a year, besides accepting chargeless lath and lodging. Haydn's abundant affluence was not over, as an action was accustomed to become vice-conductor, and after acceptable arch conductor, at the cloister of Gregorius Joseph Werner, Prince Esterhazy, in Einstadt. Haydn readily accustomed this new post.
The Esterhazy's stood at the arch of Hungary's able nobility. Haydn's duties included not alone basic about all the music presented at the court, be he was additionally in allegation of the agreeable members, authoritative abiding they wore clean, white stockings and tidy uniforms, and seeing that they did not get into mischief. This orchestra consisted, in the beginning, of bristles violins, one cello, one bifold bass, one flute, two oboes, two bassoons, and two horns. While beneath the account of Esterhazy court, Haydn was accustomed abandon to agreement with new agreeable account of anatomy and harmony. He Developed a appearance of motivic development, accent painting, ability of active lines, and use of "daring keys," such as B Major, F-sharp Major, and C-sharp Major.
Haydn was a abounding artisan with 83 cord quartets, 104 symphonies; 52 piano sonatas; abounding concertos for piano (15), violin (13), horn (2), trumpet (1), canal (1), and cello (2); 35 piano trios; added than 175 divertimentos; 19 operas; 14 masses; allotment songs and canons for voice; and 5 oratorios. Haydn's oratorios accept been a accountable discussed, dissected, and speculated aloft by abounding scholars, best decidedly The Seasons and The Creation.
Haydn's compositions were some of the best admirable accounting during the Golden Age of Music.
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